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19.07.2025

The anti-diabetic effect of propolis versus that of metformin | Trial

A few days ago, we wrote about the surprisingly strong antidiabetic effect of propolis. In a fit of excitement, we compared this effect with that of metformin, based on two different meta-studies. An attentive reader sent us a small trial that directly compared the antidiabetic effects of propolis and metformin.

Study
Mexican scientists affiliated with the University of Guadalajara divided 36 test subjects, recently diagnosed by doctors with type 2 diabetes, into three groups.

For 12 weeks, the subjects in the propolis group received a capsule containing 300 milligrams of propolis twice a day. In total, these subjects took 600 milligrams of propolis per day. This dose is not optimal for alleviating the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. A more effective dose might be twice as high.

The subjects in the metformin group took a tablet containing 850 milligrams of metformin twice a day. This means these subjects consumed 1700 milligrams of metformin per day. This is a normal dose according to guidelines.

The subjects in the placebo group took a pill containing no active ingredients twice a day.

Results
Both metformin and propolis improved fasting glucose levels [FPG] early in the morning, even before breakfast. Blood glucose concentrations after consuming a portion of glucose [2h-PG] also rose less rapidly with both propolis and metformin. The effect of metformin was statistically significant, that of propolis was not.

The blood HbA1C concentration was reduced by both metformin and propolis. This concentration is a marker of glucose exposure over a longer period.

Click on the figure below for a larger version.

The effects of metformin were stronger and more convincing than those of propolis. However, it's important to keep in mind that the doses used don't allow for a fair comparison.

Conclusion
"According to the findings of this study, propolis could be a safe and effective option for the glycemic control in type-2 diabetes mellitus, but further studies using larger sample sizes are needed to determine the long-term effects of propolis administration", the Mexicans write.

Source:
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2023 Dec;93(6):498-506.

More:
Antidiabetic effect of propolis equals that of metformin 17.07.2025
Propolis increases insulin sensitivity 06.06.2019

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